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GHG inventory report · GPC BASIC · GWP-100 CH₄ 28 / N₂O 265

City of Maplewood, FY 2024

Boundary:: Municipal limits of the City of Maplewood (GPC city boundary)
Population:: 16,500
Grid region:: RFCW
Inventory:: FY 2024 GHG Inventory

Executive summary

In FY 2024, City of Maplewood emitted 154,500 tonnes of CO₂e across the GPC BASIC scopes. That works out to about 9.4 tonnes per resident. Scope 2 (purchased electricity) is the largest share at 39% (60,841 t), and stationary energy is the biggest sector at 52% of the total. Every source below is reported with a data-quality flag and, where excluded, a GPC notation key, so this inventory is defensible and ready to act on.

Walkthrough · 1 of 5

Start with the summary

The paragraph up top is the whole inventory in plain English: your total, your biggest source, and how clean the data is. If you read one thing, read that.

Emissions by scope
Scope 1: in-boundary combustion & treatment	54,951 t CO₂e
Scope 2: grid-supplied energy	60,841 t CO₂e
Scope 3: out-of-boundary waste	38,708 t CO₂e

BASIC total

154,500 t CO₂e

≈ 9.4 t per resident

Scope 1: in-boundary combustion & treatment:54,951 t(36%)
Scope 2: grid-supplied energy:60,841 t(39%)
Scope 3: out-of-boundary waste:38,708 t(25%)

Emissions by sector

Stationary Energy

81,065 t

Transportation

34,727 t

Waste

38,708 t

Industrial Processes & Product Use

0 t

Agriculture, Forestry & Other Land Use

0 t

Emissions by sector and scope(GPC Table 4.3)

GPC I

Stationary Energy

Scope 1: 20,612
Scope 2: 60,453
Scope 3: —
Sector total: 81,065 t

GPC II

Transportation

Scope 1: 34,339
Scope 2: 388
Scope 3: —
Sector total: 34,727 t

GPC III

Waste

Scope 1: —
Scope 2: —
Scope 3: 38,708
Sector total: 38,708 t

GPC IV

Industrial Processes & Product Use

Scope 1: —
Scope 2: —
Scope 3: —
Sector total: 0 t

GPC V

Agriculture, Forestry & Other Land Use

Scope 1: —
Scope 2: —
Scope 3: —
Sector total: 0 t

BASIC total154,500 t CO₂e

Sector	Scope 1	Scope 2	Scope 3	Total (t CO₂e)
IStationary Energy	20,612	60,453	—	81,065
IITransportation	34,339	388	—	34,727
IIIWaste	—	—	38,708	38,708
IVIndustrial Processes & Product Use	—	—	—	0
VAgriculture, Forestry & Other Land Use	—	—	—	0
BASIC total	54,951	60,841	38,708	154,500

Source detail

I.1.1

Residential natural gas

Scope 1

Quality H/M (AD/EF)

12,550 t CO₂e

I.1.1

Residential propane / LPG

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.1.1

Residential wood / biomass

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.2.1

Commercial & institutional natural gas

Scope 1

Quality H/M (AD/EF)

4,887 t CO₂e

I.2.1

Commercial propane / LPG

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.3.1

Industrial fuel oil (No. 2)

Scope 1

Quality M/M (AD/EF)

3,175 t CO₂e

I.3.1

Industrial natural gas

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.3.1

Industrial coal

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.1.2

Residential grid electricity

Scope 2

Quality H/M (AD/EF)

32,569 t CO₂e

I.2.2

Commercial & institutional grid electricity

Scope 2

Quality H/M (AD/EF)

19,582 t CO₂e

I.3.2

Industrial grid electricity

Scope 2

Quality M/M (AD/EF)

8,302 t CO₂e

I.4.1

Energy industries fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.4.2

Energy industries grid electricity

Scope 2

— t CO₂e

I.4.4

Energy generation supplied to the grid

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.5.1

Agriculture, forestry & fishing fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.5.2

Agriculture, forestry & fishing electricity

Scope 2

— t CO₂e

I.6.1

Non-specified stationary fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.6.2

Non-specified grid electricity

Scope 2

— t CO₂e

I.7.1

Fugitive emissions: coal

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.8.1

Fugitive emissions: oil & natural gas

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

I.1.3

T&D losses: residential electricity

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

I.2.3

T&D losses: commercial electricity

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

I.3.3

T&D losses: industrial electricity

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

II.1.1

On-road gasoline

Scope 1

Quality M/M (AD/EF)

28,400 t CO₂e

II.1.1

On-road diesel

Scope 1

Quality M/M (AD/EF)

5,940 t CO₂e

II.1.2

Electricity for EVs & electric transit

Scope 2

Quality M/M (AD/EF)

388 t CO₂e

II.2.1

Railway diesel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

II.2.2

Railway grid electricity

Scope 2

— t CO₂e

II.3.1

Waterborne navigation fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

II.4.1

Aviation fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

II.5.1

Off-road transportation fuel

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

II.1.3

On-road transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

II.2.3

Railway transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

II.3.3

Waterborne transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

II.4.3

Aviation transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

III.1.1

Solid waste landfilled in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.1.2

Solid waste landfilled outside boundary

Scope 3

Quality M/L (AD/EF)

37,597 t CO₂e

III.2.1

Organics composted in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.2.2

Organics composted outside boundary

Scope 3

Quality M/L (AD/EF)

536 t CO₂e

III.3.1

Waste incinerated in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.3.2

Waste incinerated outside boundary

Scope 3

— t CO₂e

III.4.1

Wastewater treated in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.4.2

Wastewater treated outside boundary

Scope 3

Quality H/L (AD/EF)

574 t CO₂e

III.1.3

Imported waste landfilled in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.2.3

Imported organics treated in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.3.3

Imported waste incinerated in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

III.4.3

Imported wastewater treated in boundary

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

IV.1

Industrial processes

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

IV.2

Product use

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

V.1

Livestock

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

V.2

Land

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

V.3

Aggregate sources & non-CO₂ on land

Scope 1

— t CO₂e

Source	GPC ref	Scope	Quality (AD/EF)	Notation	t CO₂e
Residential natural gas	I.1.1	Scope 1	H / M	—	12,550
Residential propane / LPG	I.1.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Residential wood / biomass	I.1.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Commercial & institutional natural gas	I.2.1	Scope 1	H / M	—	4,887
Commercial propane / LPG	I.2.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Industrial fuel oil (No. 2)	I.3.1	Scope 1	M / M	—	3,175
Industrial natural gas	I.3.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Industrial coal	I.3.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Residential grid electricity	I.1.2	Scope 2	H / M	—	32,569
Commercial & institutional grid electricity	I.2.2	Scope 2	H / M	—	19,582
Industrial grid electricity	I.3.2	Scope 2	M / M	—	8,302
Energy industries fuel	I.4.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Energy industries grid electricity	I.4.2	Scope 2	—	NO	—
Energy generation supplied to the grid	I.4.4	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Agriculture, forestry & fishing fuel	I.5.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Agriculture, forestry & fishing electricity	I.5.2	Scope 2	—	NO	—
Non-specified stationary fuel	I.6.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Non-specified grid electricity	I.6.2	Scope 2	—	NO	—
Fugitive emissions: coal	I.7.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Fugitive emissions: oil & natural gas	I.8.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
T&D losses: residential electricity	I.1.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
T&D losses: commercial electricity	I.2.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
T&D losses: industrial electricity	I.3.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
On-road gasoline	II.1.1	Scope 1	M / M	—	28,400
On-road diesel	II.1.1	Scope 1	M / M	—	5,940
Electricity for EVs & electric transit	II.1.2	Scope 2	M / M	—	388
Railway diesel	II.2.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Railway grid electricity	II.2.2	Scope 2	—	NO	—
Waterborne navigation fuel	II.3.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Aviation fuel	II.4.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Off-road transportation fuel	II.5.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
On-road transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)	II.1.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
Railway transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)	II.2.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
Waterborne transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)	II.3.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
Aviation transboundary (out-of-boundary portion)	II.4.3	Scope 3	—	NE	—
Solid waste landfilled in boundary	III.1.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Solid waste landfilled outside boundary	III.1.2	Scope 3	M / L	—	37,597
Organics composted in boundary	III.2.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Organics composted outside boundary	III.2.2	Scope 3	M / L	—	536
Waste incinerated in boundary	III.3.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Waste incinerated outside boundary	III.3.2	Scope 3	—	NO	—
Wastewater treated in boundary	III.4.1	Scope 1	—	NO	—
Wastewater treated outside boundary	III.4.2	Scope 3	H / L	—	574
Imported waste landfilled in boundary	III.1.3	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Imported organics treated in boundary	III.2.3	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Imported waste incinerated in boundary	III.3.3	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Imported wastewater treated in boundary	III.4.3	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Industrial processes	IV.1	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Product use	IV.2	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Livestock	V.1	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Land	V.2	Scope 1	—	NE	—
Aggregate sources & non-CO₂ on land	V.3	Scope 1	—	NE	—

Emissions by gas(GPC §4.2)

Gas	Mass (t)	t CO₂e (GWP-100: CH₄ 28 · N₂O 265)
CO₂ (fossil)	115,102	115,102
CH₄	1,368	38,307
N₂O	4.11	1,090
Biogenic CO₂ (memo — excluded from totals)	0	—

Notation keys(GPC Table 2.1 — excluded sources, accounted for)

NO (23): Residential propane / LPG · Residential wood / biomass · Commercial propane / LPG · Industrial natural gas · Industrial coal · Energy industries fuel · Energy industries grid electricity · Agriculture, forestry & fishing fuel · Agriculture, forestry & fishing electricity · Non-specified stationary fuel · Non-specified grid electricity · Fugitive emissions: coal · Fugitive emissions: oil & natural gas · Railway diesel · Railway grid electricity · Waterborne navigation fuel · Aviation fuel · Off-road transportation fuel · Solid waste landfilled in boundary · Organics composted in boundary · Waste incinerated in boundary · Waste incinerated outside boundary · Wastewater treated in boundary

NE (17): Energy generation supplied to the grid · T&D losses: residential electricity · T&D losses: commercial electricity · T&D losses: industrial electricity · On-road transboundary (out-of-boundary portion) · Railway transboundary (out-of-boundary portion) · Waterborne transboundary (out-of-boundary portion) · Aviation transboundary (out-of-boundary portion) · Imported waste landfilled in boundary · Imported organics treated in boundary · Imported waste incinerated in boundary · Imported wastewater treated in boundary · Industrial processes · Product use · Livestock · Land · Aggregate sources & non-CO₂ on land

Methodology

This inventory follows the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) v1.1 at the BASIC reporting level, city-induced framework. Scope 1 covers in-boundary combustion and treatment; Scope 2 covers grid-supplied electricity (location-based); Scope 3 covers out-of-boundary waste.

Rounding: each scope total is rounded to the nearest tonne exactly once; the BASIC total is the sum of the rounded scopes, so this report always foots. GWPs: 100-year (CH₄ 28, N₂O 265) per the factor set’s IPCC assessment-report vintage. Biogenic CO₂ is reported as a memo item and excluded from all totals (GPC Box 4.2). Landfill methane follows GPC Eq 8.2–8.4 (LGOP Ch.11 points at the same IPCC method); wastewater follows Eq 8.9–8.14 where the BOD method is selected; incineration follows Eq 8.6 with fossil/biogenic carbon split.

Factor set epa-2025.2: EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (fuel combustion), EPA eGRID subregion total-output rates (electricity), IPCC 2006 Vol.5 defaults (waste). The complete factor table with per-factor citations is printed in the appendix below.

Methods by subsector(GPC §4.2)

GPC I.1Residential natural gas · Residential grid electricity45,119 t CO₂e

Residential natural gas: Fuel-quantity method: reported therms × EPA/IPCC combustion factors (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O per unit).
Residential grid electricity: Grid-consumption method: reported kWh × EPA eGRID subregion total-output emission rates (location-based).

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data H · emission factor M (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC I.2Commercial & institutional natural gas · Commercial & institutional grid electricity24,469 t CO₂e

Commercial & institutional natural gas: Fuel-quantity method: reported therms × EPA/IPCC combustion factors (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O per unit).
Commercial & institutional grid electricity: Grid-consumption method: reported kWh × EPA eGRID subregion total-output emission rates (location-based).

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data H · emission factor M (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC I.3Industrial fuel oil (No. 2) · Industrial grid electricity11,477 t CO₂e

Industrial fuel oil (No. 2): Fuel-quantity method: reported gallons × EPA/IPCC combustion factors (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O per unit).
Industrial grid electricity: Grid-consumption method: reported kWh × EPA eGRID subregion total-output emission rates (location-based).

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data M · emission factor M (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC II.1On-road gasoline · On-road diesel · Electricity for EVs & electric transit34,727 t CO₂e

On-road gasoline: Fuel-quantity method: reported gallons × EPA/IPCC combustion factors (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O per unit).
On-road diesel: Fuel-quantity method: reported gallons × EPA/IPCC combustion factors (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O per unit).
Electricity for EVs & electric transit: Grid-consumption method: reported kWh × EPA eGRID subregion total-output emission rates (location-based).

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data M · emission factor M (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC III.1Solid waste landfilled outside boundary37,597 t CO₂e

Solid waste landfilled outside boundary: GPC Eq 8.3/8.4 methane commitment: annual tonnage × L₀ from site-class MCF/OX and DOC/DOCf/F parameters, net of the capture fraction.

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data M · emission factor L (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC III.2Organics composted outside boundary536 t CO₂e

Organics composted outside boundary: IPCC biological-treatment defaults: wet tonnage × CH₄ and N₂O per tonne composted.

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data M · emission factor L (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

GPC III.4Wastewater treated outside boundary574 t CO₂e

Wastewater treated outside boundary: Per-capita quick method: population served × IPCC/US-default per-person CH₄ and N₂O rates for centralized aerobic treatment.

Quality (worst-in-group): activity data H · emission factor L (GPC Table 4.3 scale).

Data quality & uncertainty(GPC Ch. 6)

Weighted by contribution to the BASIC total: 45% of emissions rest on high-quality activity data (metered or utility-reported), 55% on medium-quality data (modeled, scaled, or state-allocated), and 0% on low-quality data (estimated or default-based). Emission-factor quality is rated per factor in the appendix; published EPA values carry medium confidence at the community scale, and IPCC Tier 1 defaults carry low confidence.

This is a qualitative assessment per GPC Chapter 6: quantified confidence intervals are not asserted. The figures most sensitive to assumptions are the waste-sector estimates (landfill parameters and per-capita wastewater defaults) and any direct-entry values modeled outside this engine. Improving the 55% of the total that sits on medium/low-quality activity data — typically by obtaining utility- and hauler-reported figures — is the highest-value refinement for the next inventory year.

Appendix: emission factors(factor set epa-2025.2)

Every factor used in this inventory, as gas mass per activity unit, with its citation. GWPs applied: CH₄ 28 · N₂O 265 (100-year).

Grid electricity — eGRID subregion RFCW
Gas	t per kWh
CO₂ (fossil)	4.536e-4
CH₄	3.950e-8
N₂O	5.440e-9
EPA eGRID2022 Summary Tables, Table 1: Subregion Output Emission Rates (total output, lb/MWh x 4.53592e-7 -> t/kWh); line-item verified against the published table 2026-08-02

Fuel combustion (stationary & mobile)
Factor	Unit	t CO₂	t CH₄	t N₂O
natural_gas_thermEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 53.06 kg CO2/mmBtu x 0.1 mmBtu/therm; CH4 1.0e-3, N2O 1.0e-4 kg/mmBtu; verified 2026-08-02	therm	5.306e-3	1.000e-7	1.000e-8
fuel_oil_2_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 73.96 kg CO2/mmBtu x 0.138 mmBtu/gal = 10.21 kg CO2/gal; verified 2026-08-02	gallon	1.021e-2	4.140e-7	8.280e-8
propane_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 62.87 kg CO2/mmBtu x 0.091 mmBtu/gal; verified 2026-08-02	gallon	5.720e-3	2.700e-7	5.500e-8
kerosene_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 75.20 kg CO2/mmBtu x 0.135 mmBtu/gal; verified 2026-08-02	gallon	1.015e-2	4.100e-7	8.100e-8
coal_bituminous_tonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 93.28 kg CO2/mmBtu x 24.93 mmBtu/short ton; verified 2026-08-02	short ton	2.325e+0	2.740e-4	4.000e-5
wood_tonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Table 1: 93.80 kg CO2 (biogenic)/mmBtu x 17.48 mmBtu/short ton; verified 2026-08-02	short ton	0	1.260e-4	6.300e-6
gasoline_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Tables 2-4: 8.78 kg CO2/gal; CH4/N2O fleet-averaged g/mile converted at average fuel economy; verified 2026-08-02	gallon	8.780e-3	3.600e-7	3.200e-7
diesel_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), Tables 2-4: 10.21 kg CO2/gal; verified 2026-08-02. Reused for rail/waterborne/off-road (documented proxy pending mode-specific CH4/N2O)	gallon	1.021e-2	5.700e-8	1.100e-7
jet_fuel_gallonEPA GHG Emission Factors Hub (2025), mobile combustion: 9.75 kg CO2/gal kerosene-type jet fuel; CO2 verified 2026-08-02, CH4/N2O remain IPCC Tier 1 defaults	gallon	9.750e-3	7.000e-8	2.850e-7
coal_fugitive_tonneIPCC 2006 GL Vol.2 Ch.4, Eq 4.1.1 Tier 1, surface-mining default (0.67 kg CH4/t at 0.9 m3/t x 0.74 kg/m3 basis); site-specific replacement expected before use	tonne coal	0	6.700e-4	0
oilgas_fugitive_km3IPCC 2006 GL Vol.2 Ch.4, Tables 4.2.4-4.2.5 Tier 1 distribution-segment order of magnitude; site-specific replacement expected before use	10^3 m^3 gas	0	1.000e-4	0

Waste treatment
Factor	Unit	t CO₂	t CH₄	t N₂O
landfill_msw_tonneGPC v1.1 Ch.8 Eq 8.2-8.4 with IPCC 2006 Vol.5 Ch.3 parameters (DOC 0.2, DOCf 0.6, F 0.5, MCF/OX by site class); computed per source, no baked factor	tonne	0	0	0
incineration_msw_tonneIPCC 2006 GL Vol.5 Ch.5: mixed-MSW carbon content 0.382, fossil fraction 0.5, oxidation 1.0 (Eq 8.6); CH4 Table 5.3 continuous stoker; N2O Table 5.6 continuous MSW = 50 g/t	tonne	7.000e-1	2.000e-7	5.000e-5
compost_tonneIPCC 2006 GL Vol.5 Ch.4, Table 4.1: composting 4 g CH4/kg and 0.3 g N2O/kg wet waste	tonne	0	4.000e-3	3.000e-4
wastewater_personIPCC 2006 GL Vol.5 Ch.6 quick method with US defaults: BOD 85 g/person/day, B0 0.6, aerobic MCF; N2O per-capita from US GHG Inventory wastewater chapter	person served	0	4.380e-4	8.500e-5